Saturday, 3 May 1986

GUNNAR ÞÓRÐARSON

The following article is an overview of the career of Icelandic guitarist, composer, arranger, and producer Gunnar Þórðarson (Thórdharson) . The main source of information is an interview with Mr Þórðarson, conducted by Bas Tukker in Reykjavík, July 2012. The article below is subdivided into two main parts; a general career overview (part 3) and a part dedicated to Gunnar Þórðarson's Eurovision involvement (part 4).

All material below: © Bas Tukker / 2012


Contents
  1. Passport
  2. Short Eurovision record
  3. Biography
  4. Eurovision Song Contest
  5. Other artists about Gunnar Þórðarson
  6. Eurovision involvement year by year
  7. Sources & links
PASSPORT

Born: January 4th, 1945, Hólmavík (Iceland)
Died: July 30th, 2026, Reykjavík (Iceland)
Nationality: Icelandic

SHORT EUROVISION RECORD

In 1986, Gunnar Þórðarson (Thórdharson) produced and conducted the first-ever Icelandic participation in the Eurovision Song Contest, ‘Gleðibankinn’, performed by the trio Icy on the festival stage in Bergen, Norway.

BIOGRAPHY

Gunnar Þórðarson was born in the fishing village of Hólmavík in the remote West Fjords of Iceland, but his family moved to Keflavík when he was just eight years old. When asked about his young years, Gunnar tells, “My father was a fisherman, but when the US army came to Iceland, he had the opportunity to become a bus driver at the American base in Keflavík. Coming from Hólmavík, I had to adjust to life in Keflavík; in the playground at school, the other boys played football. In Hólmavík, nobody played football and I did not have a clue what the rules were... so I grabbed the ball with my hands. In spite of this inauspicious beginning, I became an avid football player later onwards!"

"At school, I was no more than an average student. I graduated from high school when I was sixteen. One year before, I had joined my father for one summer season of being a fisherman, catching herring in the Arctic Sea north of Iceland. I really hated that work! Quite soon upon my return, I obtained a driver’s licence after one lesson of just one hour – that was how it was done in those days! – and worked as a taxi driver for the Americans for about a year.”

“My interest in music began quite late, actually, only when I was thirteen or fourteen years old. My friends and I discovered the American radio station of the army base. They played all the latest music from America, allowing us to discover Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and many more. You have to realize that we were kind of privileged in this respect, because Icelandic radio hardly ever played anything else than classical music. The US base radio could only be received in Keflavík and its immediate surroundings, meaning that we were the only corner of Iceland with access to rock-‘n’-roll music."

On stage in the early days of Hljómar, 1963

"Before long, my friends and I decided it was time to give it a try ourselves. I became the drummer in the hobby band of one of my pals, Erlingur Björnsson. I was not really good at drums, though, and the next instrument I tried was the bass, which I played in another teenage band, Skuggum. At sixteen, I moved on to the guitar; from my mother’s side of the family, we had inherited an acoustic guitar – or rather, half a guitar, because the back was not there anymore and all what was left were the neck and the strings! On this thing, I started practicing. Because I wanted to learn the chords and basics of guitar playing, I went to Guðmundur Íngólfsson, whose band played in the main dance hall in Keflavík. After a while, he offered me a job as the guitarist in this band. We played the popular dance tunes of those days. However, in 1963, after about a year, Guðmundur himself decided to break up the band.”

Because Gunnar wanted to keep on playing, he decided to form a new group with the drummer of Íngolfsson’s band, Eggert Kristinsson (who was soon replaced by Engilbert Jensen), and three friends from Keflavík; Erlingur Björnsson, Einar Júlíusson, and Rúnar Júlíusson. Hljómar was born, Iceland’s first rock band. The group did its first gig in November 1963 in Keflavík. 

“We were all young and very inexperienced. None of us was able to read music. I wanted Rúnar on bass, but he had never touched a bass guitar before in his life. I wrote down a set of very elementary notations – no more than ‘F’ or ‘G’ – for him; for the first two performances of Hljómar, Rúnar turned his back to the audience, because he was reading what I had written down for him! Having said that, we were all learning it by doing. It was not until the early 1970s that I took the trouble of learning how to read notes myself!"

"Nonetheless, from the start of Hljómar, the others were relying on me for instructions. As a teenager, when listening to the army radio, I always wanted to find out for myself what the chords were of the American jazz standards they were playing. In that sense, I had consciously been working on bass lines and chords – and therefore it was kind of logical that, musically speaking, I became the band leader. Though we mostly did covers, drawing our inspiration from bands such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, we also liked to experiment, writing material ourselves. My first piece was an instrumental called '79 Miles'. In a short time, we managed to create a big repertoire of songs. We hit it off well as a group, investing a lot of time in practicing together.”

Hljómar in 1964, from left to right - Rúnar Júlíusson, Gunnar Þórðarson, Erlingur Björnsson, and Pétur Öslund

Before the year 1963 was over, Hljómar had had its first opportunity to present itself on nationwide radio. The big breakthrough for the band came in March 1964, at a concert in the Háuskólabíó Concert Hall in Reykjavík. 

“This was a festival where several local bands performed. When we came on, the hall just erupted; people came crashing down to the stage and the police had to be called in to restore some sort of order. Because this was unheard of before in Iceland, we were on the front page of the main newspaper. This one concert gave us such an amount of exposure, that we were booked all over the country from then on. That summer, with our little bus, we toured the dance halls all over the country. We were without competition, being the only band that was trying to be sort of modern. The generation before us, mainly jazz musicians such as Ólafur Gaukur, despised the lack of sophistication in rock-‘n’-roll music! So you can say we had the market for ourselves. Right from the start, we were able to make a living from Hljómar. I gave up my job as a taxi driver before the end of 1963.”

Originally being a live band, Hljómar recorded its first single only in 1965. Subsequently, two studio albums were released, mostly with own material, to which Icelandic cover versions of international successes such as ‘California Dreaming’ were added. Ólafur Gaukur wrote several song lyrics for Hljómar. Much of the group’s repertoire, most notably songs such as ‘Bláu augun þín’ and ‘Þú og ég’, has become part of the Icelandic collective memory. In 1966-67, the group attempted an international breakthrough under the name Thor’s Hammer. 

Hljómar with American songstress Shady Owens

“Reynir Odsson, a film maker, did a short film about us. We wrote the lyrics for the songs in this film, ‘Umbarumbamba’, in English. As with our studio albums, we recorded the material in London. Our record company Falkinn got us on the English Parlophone label, which allowed us to publish in England, but the songs from ‘Umbarumbamba’ were never released in the UK. One year later, an American trumpet player living in Iceland got us a deal with Columbia Records. They picked two of our songs, which we recorded in English in their studios in New York. The single was released in the USA, but did not do well, unfortunately.”

In 1969, Hljómar disbanded and Þórðarson became a member of a new band, Trúbrot. “By that time, the magic of the early years of Hljómar was over. Rúnar and Erlingur were still living in Keflavík, while Engilbert Jensen and I had moved to Reykjavík in the meantime. Understandably, this meant there was less time for practicing. Moreover, some personal issues got in the way – mainly alcohol. There was another group here in Iceland, Flowers, which had an extremely good drummer and a terrific organ player. Being keen to play with them, Rúnar and I got together with these two guys to form a new band, which we coined Trúbrot. Over the 4 years of the band’s existence, we played in different formations. At a certain stage, Rúnar Júlíusson joined us as well.” 

Between 1969 and its demise in 1973, Trúbrot released no fewer than four albums with songs in Icelandic and English, including the hits ‘Starlight’ and ‘To be grateful’. “These were different times than with Hljómar,” says Þórðarson. “By this time, there was more competition of other pop and rock bands in Iceland. For Trúbrot's stage performances, we mostly picked popular songs, which we covered with a different arrangement. For our albums, however, we wrote most of the material ourselves.”

Trúbrot in 1969, from left to right - Shady Owens, Rúnar Júlíusson, Gunnar Þórðarson, Karl Sighvatsson, and Gunnar Jökull Hákonarsson

Meanwhile, Gunnar Þórðarson had started doing session work for others, including Björgvin Haldórsson and the Rio Trio, a folk ensemble, with which he toured universities and the Icelandic communities in thirteen American states and Canada as a musician in 1973. It was the start of a lasting collaboration with the trio, with Þórðarson composing some of their material and producing all of their seventeen albums, of which the last was recorded in 2006. Meanwhile, in 1973, Þórðarson had formed a new Hljómar with Haldórsson as lead vocalist, but the project fizzled out after one album. Unavoidably, however, Gunnar gravitated towards composing, arranging, and producing rather than performing. How did this development from stage to studio come about? 

“It was a gradual thing. I had long been fascinated by the techniques used in recording. I immersed myself in magazines such as the Melody Maker and the New Musical Express. Unlike Rúnar and others, who were performers at heart, thrilled to be at the front of the stage in touching distance from the crowd, my first ambition was always being a good musician in the technical sense. I had long found out that using my creativity in a studio was much more up my alley than playing the same songs all over again every night on stage. In the 1970s, I tried to make up for my lack of music education. First, I taught myself how to read notes. Soon after, I bought the standard works on arranging by Rimsky-Korsakov, Rachmaninoff, Mahler, Henri Mancini, and Nelson Riddle, sucking every letter like a sponge.”

For one year (1975-76), Þórðarson moved to London, where he recorded his first solo album as well as a successful children’s album, ‘Eníga meniga’ (with vocalist Olga Guðrún Árnadóttir), and a collection of famous Icelandic poems put to music, ‘Once Upon A Time’ (recorded with Tómas Magnús Tómasson and Björgvin Haldórsson). 

When asked about his departure to England, Gunnar explains, “Frustrated by the lack of proper studios in Iceland, I felt I had no other option but to move abroad. During that year, many Icelandic artists came over, because they wanted to record their work with me as their producer. It was one of the most fertile periods in my career, though I had to do things on the cheap, as the records I produced were only released on the Icelandic market and hence commissions were small. ‘Eníga meniga’ and especially ‘Once Upon A Time’ were instant successes; for the latter record, at the request of the publisher of a school book with Icelandic poems, I wrote music to this poetry. As everyone in Iceland knew the words, the songs were an open door, so to speak, and they became extremely popular. In 1977, I did a second album with poems, again sung by Björgvin Haldórsson, called ‘Út um græna grundu’.”

The phoenix version of Hljómar in 1973, from left to right - Gunnar Þórðarson, Björgvin Haldórsson, Engilbert Jensen, and Rúnar Júlíusson

In 1976, right after the well-equipped Hljóðriti recording studio had opened its doors in Reykjavík, Gunnar Þórðarson – loaded with a wealth of experience following his baptism of fire as a studio producer in London – returned to Iceland, founding his own record label, Ýmir. In the remainder of the 1970s, amongst other projects, he released two best-selling albums with close harmony group Lummur, as well as his second solo album, for which he recorded part of the songs with the Icelandic Symphony Orchestra. 

“I orchestrated part of them myself, while leaving some other songs to an arranger from Los Angeles. It was the first time I experimented with writing string arrangements. For me, as a bass player and guitarist, learning how to arrange for other instruments was not easy. Contrary to a pianist, a guitarist does not have the whole range of instruments to his disposal. Moreover, lacking the formal conservatory education, I was always apprehensive about making a mistake in these delicate markings that classical musicians abide by. If notations are not spot-on, they will look at it in disdain. Remember that these were the days before the computer appeared on the scene; every note had to be written down by hand. In spite of all these worries, I thought strings were too interesting to not at least give them a try, and slowly but gradually, I found my way in the idiom needed to write such orchestrations.”

In the 1980s and the early 1990s, Gunnar Þórðarson was Iceland’s most sought-after and successful songwriter and record producer, “Yes, as a producer, I was top dog. I could ask any artist and nobody would turn down an offer to work with me. The 1980s were certainly the busiest time in my career”. Gunnar composed over 600 pop songs and worked as an arranger and producer with all the stars of the Icelandic pop and rock scene; Björgvin Haldórsson, Egil Ólafsson, Pálmi Gunnarsson, Eiríkur Hauksson, Shady Owens, Klíkan, and Ragnhildur Gísladóttir, to name just a few. Two solo albums with his compositions, interpreted by the cream of the island’s vocalists, were recorded, ‘Himinn og jörð’ (1981) and ‘Borgarbragur’ (1985), the latter of which contained ‘Gaggó-vest’, a huge hit success for Eiríkur Hauksson.

Working on one of his poetry projects with singer Björgvin Haldórsson

In 1986, Þórðarson released ‘Reykjavíkurflugur’, a double LP containing a live registration of a concert held on the occasion of 200 years of Reykjavík and, moreover, his soundtrack to the movie Reykjavík, Reykjavík. Apart from this movie, Gunnar wrote the music to the original motion pictures Ódal feðranna (1980) and Agnes (1996) as well as to a host of TV films, jingles for radio and television, and hundreds of melodies used for advertisements.

In the world of theatre, in 1985, Þórðarson composed his first musical comedy, called Only A Few Seats Left. Later onwards, two more musicals were created by him, Á köldum klaka (1991) and Disa ljosálfur (2010). Gunnar was also commissioned to write Bræðralag, which, interpreted by Sigrún Hjálmtýsdóttir and Björgvin Haldórsson, was the official theme song to the 1995 Handball World Championships held in Iceland. In that same year, Þórðarson received an invitation to compose a requiem commemorating the fourteen victims of the avalanche which hit the fishing village of Suðavík in the West Fjords.

Apart from his studio work, between 1982 and 2002, Gunnar Þórðarson had his own dance band, with which he performed in Reykjavík’s Broadway nightclub. 

“My band consisted of 10 musicians, including myself on guitar and, in the 1980s, Jon Kjell Seljeseth on keyboards. We played in Broadway on Friday and Saturday evenings, doing shows around a certain theme, such as the Beatles, Queen, ABBA, soul, and salsa. The guy who owned the club quit in 2002, which automatically led to the end of my band. In retrospect, I did this work way too long, but it was quite lucrative.” 


As a performing artist, Þórðarson in later years collaborated on two special projects; in 1999, he was one of the founding members of the jazz-folk trio Guitar Islancio, publishing several CDs containing jazzed-up Icelandic folk melodies and performing in Europe and America; moreover, in 2003, Hljómar was reformed for a third time, recording two albums with new material and doing a handful of concerts. As a solo singer, Þórðarson has continued performing occasionally; in 2009, ‘Vetrarsól’, a registration of a concert he gave in the Reykjavík City Theatre, was released on CD.

On Þórðarson’s last solo album (1987), surprisingly, it turned out he had tried his hand at composing several classical pieces, one of which, ‘Nocturne’, was orchestrated by Szymon Kuran. How did the conversion of the man dubbed by many Iceland’s Father of Rock-‘n’-Roll to serious music come about? 

“At a point, I started having enough of pop music productions. In the pop business, new kids on the block emerged who started producing themselves. It was not that I was out of work, but the curious side of me was keen to explore a type of music that I had not paid much attention to up to that moment. I was very late in discovering and learning to appreciate classical music; when I was a boy, local Icelandic radio played virtually nothing else than just classical pieces and, back then, I thought these were utterly boring. In my forties, I consciously decided to venture into this unexplored territory. In London, I bought myself a whole case of sheet music: the complete works of Tchaikovsky, Mahler, and several others; yes, the really heavy stuff, such as symphonies and piano concertos. I wanted to learn how to write in that idiom. As I had never attended music school, it was bound to be difficult, but slowly, some pieces came out. Composing classical works has been my main passion ever since.”

Close-up, mid-1980s

As a classical composer, Þórðarson has two masses to his credit, ‘Heilög messa’ (2000) and ‘Brynjólfsmessa’ (2006), which were performed by the Chamber Orchestra of Hafnarfjörður & the Millennium Choir and by the Jón Leifs Chamber Orchestra & Choir of the Keflavík Church respectively. Some of his pieces were played by the Icelandic Symphony Orchestra, while his forty-minute-piece ‘La prière’ (The prayer), based on a French poem, was staged in a church in Barr, Alsace (France). Where does Þórðarson’s fascination for religiously inspired music come from? 

“It is not because I am a religious person. I like to think of myself as a melodist and, to me, a mass is one of the most attractive ways of combining a melody with the opportunities offered by a choir of singers. As for the ‘Brynjólfsmessa’, of which I am very proud, I used the credo of Brynjólfur Sveinsson, who was the bishop of Skálholt in the 17th century; it was nice to relate my music to the history of Iceland.”

In 2012, Gunnar Þórðarson finished his first opera, Ragnheiður, based on the tragic life story of Brynjólfur’s daughter; the piece was performed in the following year in the Skálholt Cathedral by an orchestra with a choir and 6 solo singers.

On stage, 2010

EUROVISION SONG CONTEST

The year 1986 saw Iceland making its debut in the Eurovision Song Contest. After years of hesitation, Icelandic broadcaster RÚV decided to take the leap by announcing its participation in the European competition. Gunnar Þórðarson was one of the musicians who had been pressing the television service for some time to give up its misgivings about the festival, “RÚV was always coming up with excuses, most commonly that they would not be able to organize it in case of a victory for Iceland. In the music industry here, it was quite a hot item; we saw it as an opportunity to showcase our music internationally. We were delighted when RÚV finally succumbed.”

The Icelandic broadcaster organized a national final with ten songs to determine the entry to be submitted to the international final in Bergen, Norway. There was a 10-piece-band, including Jon Kjell Seljeseth on keyboards, accompanying all entries; the conductors, who, on the invitation of the RÚV, had each arranged half of the participating songs, were Gunnar Þórðarson and Þórir Baldursson. One of the competing songs was ‘Gefðu mér gaum’, composed by Þórðarson himself and interpreted by Eiríkur Hauksson, but the eventual winner was ‘Gleðibankinn’, composed by Magnús Eiríksson and performed by Pálmi Gunnarsson. Eiríksson and Gunnarsson had long known each other, both being members of the band Mannakorn. It had only been in a very late stage that the decision was taken to exclude the song from the new Mannakorn album and submit it for the Icelandic Eurovision selection programme.

Though ‘Gleðibankinn’ had been arranged and conducted by Þórir Baldursson in the pre-selection, composer Magnús Eiríksson requested Þórðarson to redo the song and record a studio version. Before beginning work on a new arrangement, Þórðarson took a somewhat radical decision.

“Pálmi Gunnarsson is an excellent singer, but, character-wise, he could be quite difficult to handle at times. We did not want to rely just on him. Therefore, after having consulted the people responsible at RÚV, who totally agreed with me, we decided to form a group for the contest. Pálmi was of course one of the members, and I asked Eiríkur Hauksson and Helga Möller to get on board as well, thus forming a trio which we named Icy."

Icy, from left to right - Eiríkur Hauksson, Helga Möller, and Pálmi Gunnarsson

"Eiríkur was a guy who I had been working with for some years and his major breakthrough was in the year before the contest with ‘Gaggó-vest’, a song composed by me. Mostly because of his looks, he had the image of a rock artist, but, in fact, he was involved in all kinds of music genres – he understood well enough that, to stay in business in this small country, you had to be able to work in all kinds of styles. Helga was an Icelandic girl of German parents. She was part of a disco duo which I had formed, Þu og Ég; it was quite successful for some time. With Helga and Eiríkur in the project, we felt we had a better chance of success.”

The next stop on the way to Bergen was London: with his keyboard player and right hand in studio work, Jon Kjell Seljeseth, and the three vocalists, Þórðarson flew to England’s capital to record the final version of ‘Gleðibankinn’. Seljeseth, later to be a Eurovision conductor on two occasions himself, has detailed memories of how part of the arrangement for the song was put together at the very last moment.

 “Gunni had already laid out the structure of the song, and the basic idea of how to orchestrate it. On the plane to England, the two of us exchanged ideas for the brass part of the orchestration. Naturally, I took care of the keyboards. After the first day of recording, Gunni asked me if I had any suggestions for the strings, but I was exhausted having worked on these keyboard tracks. This left the task of completing that part of the job up to Gunni, who was up until 3 or 4 am writing the strings! With the cream of British musicians in our sessions, the record version of the song was excellent.” 

“We were all pleased with the recording," Þórðarson adds. "Jon Kjell’s keyboard parts were excellent. The strings and brass made the song bigger than it had been in the initial version. Moreover, in the pre-selection, the song went more or less straight-ahead, whilst our studio arrangement clearly marked the different parts, making the track more varied and interesting to listen to. We had also had to abridge the song, because, in the preliminaries, it exceeded the time limit of 3 minutes.”

Single release of ‘Gleðibankinn’

Though Gunnar Þórðarson was not a trained conductor, RÚV invited him to lead the orchestra for ‘Gleðibankinn’ in the festival. When, finally, the day on which the Icelandic delegation flew to Norway for the Eurovision Song Contest had arrived, he could not help but feeling uncomfortable. 

“The event in itself was big enough to feel nervous, but the way our participation had been played up in Icelandic media was unhealthy. People in Iceland were convinced that it was not even a question; we were going to win! We were going to show Europe how it is done. I could not understand how journalists and the general public here could be so confident. How can you expect to win the Eurovision Song Contest in your first participation? It weighed down on me as a heavy burden.”

In Bergen, the Icelandic delegation plunged into the world of Eurovision. “This was all very new to us. I went to the rehearsals of most other countries, as I was curious to see how they tackled this. There was this pretty lady singing for Yugoslavia (Doris Dragović with ‘Željo moja’ - BT); I thought her song was excellent. We met some very nice people. I got on well with the Irish conductor, Noel Kelehan. We had a drink in a bar together. Altogether, it struck me that the atmosphere among the different countries was so cordial. The contact was quite shallow, though; not much talk about music, mainly exchanging pleasantries. Otherwise, we mainly stuck to our own delegation, doing some nice excursions, including a boat trip in the fjords.”

Of course, Þórðarson had to rehearse the song with the Norwegian Radio Orchestra. “… and it was not easy,” Gunnar recalls. “With hindsight, I should have used a backing track with the rhythm elements, such as drums, bass, and keyboards. It was allowed to have a backing track, as long as there were musicians miming these instruments on stage. I knew this, but, naively, I thought it would be great to capitalize on the opportunity to work with a professional orchestra. Soon, however, I found out that the Norwegian musicians were not as good as their counterparts in the studio in London. Compared to them, this orchestra sounded so ordinary, plain, and average! They had the same notes in front of them as the guys in London, but they simply did not play it tightly enough."

"Was I nervous for the live show? Oh yes, but I am always nervous before going on stage! Technically speaking, there is not a lot you can do when conducting such an orchestra; you count them in and rely on the drummer in the middle part before coordinating the final notes of the song. Having said that, while I was slightly unhappy about the rehearsals, they were fantastic compared to the rendition the orchestra gave during the broadcast. The sound was awful, resulting in the all-important keyboard parts being virtually inaudible, and, adding insult to injury, the brass section messed up the trumpet snaps. All in all, it could hardly have been any worse.”

Gunnar Þórðarson with Magnús Eiríksson, the songwriter of ‘Gleðibankinn’ 

Afterwards, several theories surfaced as to how the sound mix for the Icelandic entry could have been so flawed. The entry previous to Iceland's song, the UK's 'Runner In The Night' by the group Ryder, was performed with a full backing track - and some, including singer Pálmi Gunnarsson, suggested the Norwegian engineers forgot to switch their panel from an automatic mix to the orchestral mix for their entry.

Whatever the truth, in the voting, ‘Gleðibankinn’ picked up only 19 points, finishing in a disappointing 16th place. “After the show, we all felt depressed. I did, and so did Helga, Pálmi, and Eiríkur," Gunnar recalls. "We did not go to any after party, instead preferring to head straight back to the hotel. On the plane back home, we were even more down-hearted, as we were well aware what kind of a reception was awaiting us. This 16th place came as a shock to the people in Iceland. In the days after the contest, we were really talked down to the bottom by the local press. I was given a hard time because the orchestra had been terrible, particularly the brass parts, but the singers, too, were criticised for dancing about like idiots as well as for their costumes. On top of that, it was claimed RÚV’s organisation of the Eurovision project had been a shambles."

"Those same journalists, who had predicted victory for us in the run-up to the contest, were now blaming each and everyone they could think of – mainly me! No, I did not feel responsible. I mean; I was never the one to say we would win! ‘Gleðibankinn’ was a nice, straightforward pop song, but by no means Magnús Eiríksson’s best composition. Though we could have done better with a stronger live performance, the expectations in Iceland had simply been unrealistic.”

In the following years, Gunnar Þórðarson composed several songs for the Icelandic pre-selection, such as ‘Norðurljós’ for Eyjólfur Kristjánsson (3rd in 1987), ‘Í tango’ for Edda Borg and Björgvin Haldórsson (4th in 1988), and ‘Soley’ for Katla María and Björgvin Haldórsson (4th in 1990); the last-mentioned song, with lyrics by Þórðarson’s wife Toby Herman, was a considerable success in the Icelandic charts. Gunnar concludes, “I also arranged and produced some songs by other songwriters which had been admitted into the competition, but none of these were winners. I would certainly have liked to have been given a second go at the Eurovision Song Contest, but, apparently, it was not to be!”

Icy on the festival stage in Bergen

OTHER ARTISTS ABOUT GUNNAR ÞÓRÐARSON

Jon Kjell Seljeseth worked extensively with Gunnar Þórðarson on stage and in the record studio, “Gunnar hired me when he was looking for a new piano player for his band with which he played at the Broadway nightclub in Reykjavík in ’83. In those days, he was ubiquitous in the music recording industry. Everyone who needed an arranger or producer, knew that he was the guy; he did everything! He is a generous man and, while some musicians in those days thought he was strict, I could never understand why. The working relationship between the two of us was so easy. I cannot remember one instant when we argued.” (2012)

Eiríkur Hauksson was one of the main vocalists with whom Gunnar Þórðarson worked both on and off stage in the 1980s, “In 1985, Gunnar’s album ‘Borgarbragur’ became the turning point in my career. He handed me the opportunity to hand-pick my favourites from his rough demos and it took me no more than a day to point out ‘Gull’ and ‘Gaggó-vest’. Both songs went to the top of the charts; in the blink of an eye, I had become a household name in Iceland. To me, Gunnar is the gentle giant of the Icelandic music scene. He is my favourite Icelandic composer; this is by no means only related to the songs written by him which I recorded, but much rather to the fact that, both as a composer and a performer, he has been a major factor in the strong and positive development of the Icelandic music scene since forever. He is a living legend and I am sure his music will stand the test of time.” (2012)

Jón Ólafsson, pop musician and producer of a younger generation, “To me, Gunnar is a genius. The songs he composed for Hljómar when he was seventeen and eighteen are as good as the most outstanding early Beatles songs such as ‘Yesterday’ and ‘Michelle’. It is unbelievable that a young man could compose such timeless stuff. As a producer, while he is a perfectionist, he can enjoy the inborn spontaneity of musicians as well. Moreover, Gunni is simply a very pleasant guy.” (2012)

During the interview for this website - Reykjavík, summer 2012

EUROVISION INVOLVEMENT YEAR BY YEAR

Country – Iceland
Song title – “Gleðibankinn”
Rendition – Icy (Pálmi Gunnarsson / Eiríkur Hauksson / Helga Möller)
Lyrics – Magnús Eiríksson
Composition – Magnús Eiríksson
Studio arrangement – Gunnar Þórðarson / Jon Kjell Seljeseth
Live orchestration – Gunnar Þórðarson / Jon Kjell Seljeseth
Conductor – Gunnar Þórðarson
Score – 16th place (19 votes)


SOURCES & LINKS
  • Bas Tukker interviewed Gunnar Þórðarson in Reykjavík, July 2012
  • Jón Hjartarson published a biography of Gunnar Þórðarson, “Hljómagangur”, ed. Diskur Fylgir: Reykjavík 2008
  • A book about Iceland’s involvement in the Eurovision Song Contest: Gylfi Garðarsson, “Gleðibankabókin”, ed. NótuÚtgáfan: Reykjavík, 2011
  • Many thanks to Jon Kjell Seljeseth, Eiríkur Hauksson, and Jón Ólafsson for their additional comments
  • Photos courtesy of Gunnar Þórðarson, Bill Holland, and Ferry van der Zant

EGIL MONN-IVERSEN

Born: April 14th, 1928, Oslo (Norway)
Died: July 7th, 2017, Oslo (Norway)
Nationality: Norwegian

In due course, the short impression below will be replaced with a more extensive career overview


BIOGRAPHY

Egil Monn-Iversen was a pianist, composer, conductor, and producer who was educated at the Oslo Music Conservatory. He played in several 1940s and 1950s jazz groups, and founded and led ensembles himself. From 1954 until 1963, he was the conductor at the Chat Noir Theatre in Oslo, of which he was the manager from 1959 onwards. 

In the 1950s, Monn-Iversen started his professional activities as an arranger as well, working with – amongst others – Nora Brockstedt. He founded vocal group The Monn-Keys, which included his wife Sølvi Wang. Monn-Iversen set up a production company which published records for the Norwegian market and produced concerts, films, and theatre shows. From the 1960s onwards, he was Head of Music at NRK (Norwegian broadcaster) and Det Norske Teatret; working at NRK involved arranging music for radio and television as well as conducting the Radio Orchestra in various programmes. 

In the 1980s, when his activities for NRK became less time-consuming, Monn-Iversen was chairman of the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet (1981-96) and founded a theatre production company. In 1997, he led the Stockholm China Theatre for a short time.

EUROVISION SONG CONTEST

Egil Monn-Iversen arranged the music for record version and/or live orchestra of 12 Norwegian entries between 1965 and 1980 and was the musical director of several preselections in the 1970s. However, he never accompanied a Norwegian artist abroad to conduct the Eurovision orchestra. In 1986, when the contest was held in Bergen (Norway), Monn-Iversen was the musical director of the show, conducting all interval music as well as the entries from Norway (Ketil Stokkan’s ‘Romeo’) and Denmark (Lise Haavik’s ‘Du er fuld af løgn’). 

EUROVISION INVOLVEMENT YEAR BY YEAR

Country – Norway
Song title – "Voi-voi"
Rendition – Nora Brockstedt
Lyrics – Georg Elgaaen
Composition – Georg Elgaaen
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
Live orchestration – Carsten Klouman
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 4th place (11 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Sommer i Palma"
Rendition – Nora Brockstedt
Lyrics – Egil Hagen
Composition – Jan Wølner
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 7th place (10 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Karusell"
Rendition – Kirsti Sparboe
Lyrics – Jolly Kramer Johansen
Composition – Jolly Kramer Johansen
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
(studio orchestra conducted by Øivind Bergh)
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 13th place (1 vote)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Intet er nytt under solen"
Rendition – Åse Kleveland
Lyrics – Arne Bendiksen
Composition – Arne Bendiksen
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 3rd place (15 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Dukkemann"
Rendition – Kirsti Sparboe
Lyrics – Ola Bjørnsønn Johannessen
Composition – Tor Hultin
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen 
(studio orchestra conducted by Kjell Karlsen)
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 14th place (2 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Stress"
Rendition –  Odd Børre Sørensen
Lyrics – Ola Bjørnsønn Johannessen
Composition – Tor Hultin
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
(studio orchestra conducted by Kjell Karlsen)
Live orchestration – Rolf Nord
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 13th place (2 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Oj, oj, oj, så glad jeg skal bli"
Rendition – Kirsti Sparboe
Lyrics – Arne Bendiksen
Composition – Arne Bendiksen
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
(studio orchestra conducted by Kjell Karlsen)
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Øivind Bergh
Score – 16th place (1 vote)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Lykken er…"
Rendition – Hanne Krogh
Lyrics – Arne Bendiksen
Composition – Arne Bendiksen
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Arne Bendiksen
Score – 17th place (65 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "It’s Just A Game (Å for et spil)"
Rendition – Bendik Singers (Ellen Nikolaysen / Anne-Karine Strøm / Bjørn Kruse / Philip A. Kruse)
Norwegian lyrics – Arne Bendiksen
English lyrics – Robert Williams
Composition – Arne Bendiksen
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Carsten Klouman
Score – 7th place (89 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Sámiid ædnan"
Rendition – Sverre Kjelsberg & Mattis Hætta
Lyrics – Ragnar Olsen
Composition – Sverre Kjelsberg
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen 
(studio orchestra conducted by Steinar Ofsdal)
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Sigurd Jansen
Score – 16th place (15 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Adieu"
Rendition – Anita Skorgan & Jahn Teigen
Lyrics – Herodes Falsk 
Composition – Jahn Teigen
Studio arrangement – George Keller / Anita Skorgan / Jahn Teigen
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen 
Conductor – Sigurd Jansen
Score – 12th place (40 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – "Lenge leve livet"
Rendition – Dollie de Luxe (Benedicte Adrian & Ingrid Bjørnov)
Lyrics – Benedicte Adrian / Ingrid Bjørnov
Composition – Benedicte Adrian / Ingrid Bjørnov
Studio arrangement – Egil Monn-Iversen
Live orchestration – Egil Monn-Iversen
Conductor – Sigurd Jansen
Score – 17th place (29 votes)

Country – Norway
Song title – “Romeo”
Rendition – Ketil Stokkan
Lyrics – Ketil Stokkan
Composition – Ketil Stokkan
Studio arrangement – Rolf Løvland / Anders Engberg
Live orchestration – Rolf Løvland
Conductor – Egil Monn-Iversen (MD)
Score – 12th place (44 votes)

Country – Denmark
Song title – "Du er fuld af løgn"
Rendition – Lise Haavik "Trax"
Lyrics – John Hatting
Composition – John Hatting
Studio arrangement – John Hatting / Jørgen Thørup
Live orchestration – Jan Glæsel
Conductor – Egil Monn-Iversen (MD)
Score – 6th place (77 votes)

ROLF SOJA

Born: April 23rd, 1947, Soest (West Germany)
Died: October 9th, 2018, Muskoka Lakes, Ontario (Canada)
Nationality: German

In due course, the short impression below will be replaced with a more extensive career overview


BIOGRAPHY
 
In the 1970s, Rolf Soja worked in Hamburg, West Germany, as a composer, arranger, and record producer. With lyricist Frank Dostal, he was responsible for all international hits of Spanish duo Baccara, including ‘Yes Sir, I Can Boogie’ and ‘Sorry I’m A Lady’ (both from 1977). Besides composing film music, Soja also wrote songs for Claude François, Hildegard Knef, Nana Mouskouri, and Waterloo & Robinson. In 1977, he composed a song which participated in the Yamaha World Popular Song Festival in Tokyo, Japan. Rolf Soja moved to Canada in the 1980s, passinga way in Muskoka Lakes in 2018.

EUROVISION SONG CONTEST

Rolf Soja composed and conducted a Eurovision entry for Luxembourg on two occasions. In 1978, he came up with ‘Parlez-vous français’, with which Baccara failed to impress on the Eurovision stage in Paris. Eight years later, in 1986, Soja was more successful with a Canadian singer, Sherisse Laurence, who sang his ‘L’amour de ma vie’. This entry finished 3rd behind Sandra Kim (Belgium) and Daniela Simons (Switzerland).

EUROVISION INVOLVEMENT YEAR BY YEAR

Country – Luxembourg
Song title – "Parlez-vous français?"
Rendition – Baccara (Mayté Mateos / María Mendiola)
Lyrics – Frank Dostal / Peter Zentner
Composition – Rolf Soja
Studio arrangement – Rolf Soja
Live orchestration – Rolf Soja
Conductor – Rolf Soja
Score – 7th place (73 votes)

Country – Luxembourg
Song title – "L'amour de ma vie"
Rendition – Sherisse Laurence
Lyrics – Frank Dostal / Alain Garcia
Composition – Rolf Soja
Studio arrangement – Rolf Soja
Live orchestration – Rolf Soja
Conductor – Rolf Soja
Score – 3rd place (117 votes)

Tuesday, 1 April 1986

1986 NETHERLANDS EUROVISION SELECTION

Date - April 1, 1986
Official name - Nationaal Songfestival 1986
Organising broadcasters - NOS
Venue - Theater De Flint, Amersfoort
Host - Pim Jacobs
Director - Nico Hiltrop
Stage designer - Guus van den Heuvel
Producers - John de Mol, Snr. / Miep Sluijs
Musical director - Harry van Hoof
Orchestra - Metropole Orkest (Metropole Orchestra, pre-recorded)
Concertmasters - Ernő Oláh & Rami Koch
Music supervisor - Hugh den Ouden
Interval act - Gerard Joling (playback performance of 3 songs, 'Love Is In Your Eyes' / 'Ticket To The Tropics' / 'Reach')
Number of entries - 10, performed by 5 acts (2 songs each)
Winning entry - 'Alles heeft ritme' Frizzle Sizzle
Winning songwriters - Peter Schön / Rob ten Bokum
Winning orchestrator - Hans Hollestelle

Note - Although the Metropole Orchestra was not present live on stage, music tracks were pre-recorded by the orchestra with conductor Harry van Hoof

Producer Eddy Ouwens with his protégé Dee Dee, one of the candidates in the 1986 national selection

PARTICIPATING ENTRIES

Song 1
Title – "Benjamin"
Rendition – Michelle (Corry van der Elzen)
Lyrics – Jacques Zwart / Hans Jansen / Hans Vermeulen
Composition – Jacques Zwart / Hans Jansen
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – Harry van Hoof
Score – 7th place (68 votes)

Song 2
Title – "Sam"
Rendition – Jody Pijper
Lyrics – Jacques Zwart / Hans Jansen / Hans Vermeulen
Composition – Jacques Zwart / Hans Jansen
Studio arrangement – unknown
Live orchestration – Harry van Hoof
Score – 6th place (61 votes)

Song 3
Title – "Alles heeft ritme"
Rendition – Frizzle Sizzle
Lyrics – Peter Schön
Composition – Rob ten Bokum / Peter Schön
Studio arrangement – Peter Schön / Hans Hollestelle
Live orchestration – Hans Hollestelle
Score – 1st place (117 votes)

Song 4
Title – "Stilte na de storm (De stilte na de storm)"
Rendition – Astrid Marz
Lyrics – Peter de Wijn
Composition – Peter de Wijn
Studio arrangement – Bart van der Post
Live orchestration – Piet Souer
Score – 9th place (32 votes)

Song 5
Title – "Fata morgana"
Rendition – Dee Dee
Lyrics – Ad van Olm / Eddy Ouwens
Composition – Peter de Wijn
Studio arrangement – Harry van Hoof
(Metropole Orchestra conducted by Harry van Hoof)
Live orchestration – Piet Souer
Score – 2nd place (96 votes)

Song 6
Song title – "Alleen jouw lach"
Rendition – Michelle (Corry van der Elzen)
Lyrics – Tjula Grönloh / Andy Lensen
Composition – Tjula Grönloh / Andy Lensen
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – Jurre Haanstra
Score – 10th place (26 votes)

Song 7
Title – "Muziek (Een leven met muziek)"
Rendition – Jody Pijper
Lyrics – Jacques Zwart / Hans Jansen / Hans Vermeulen
Composition – Jacques Zwart / Hans Jansen
Studio arrangement – unknown
Live orchestration – Harry van Hoof
Score – 6th place (79 votes)

Song 8
Title – "Eenmaal jong"
Rendition – Frizzle Sizzle
Lyrics – Louis Parker
Composition – Willem Ennes / Louis Parker
Studio arrangement – Peter Schön / Piet Souer
Live orchestration – Piet Souer
Score – 9th place (41 votes)

Song 9
Title – "Nooit meer"
Rendition – Astrid Marz
Lyrics – Dick Ridder
Composition – Dick Ridder
Studio arrangement – Bart van der Post 
Live orchestration – Hans Hollestelle
Score – 8th place (35 votes)

Song 10
Title – "Ik speel de clown"
Rendition – Dee Dee
Lyrics – Aad Klaris / Ad van Olm / Eddy Ouwens
Composition – Ad van Olm / Eddy Ouwens
Studio arrangement – Harry van Hoof
(Metropole Orchestra conducted by Harry van Hoof)
Live orchestration – Harry van Hoof
Score – 3rd place (85 votes)

Saturday, 22 March 1986

1986 FRANCE EUROVISION SELECTION

Date - March 22, 1986
Organising broadcasters - Antenne 2
Venue - Studio TV Antenne 2, Paris
Hosts - Patrice Laffont
Director - unknown
Musical director - François Rauber
Orchestra - freelance orchestra
Number of entries - 14
Winning entry - 'Européennes' Cocktail
Winning songwriters - Georges Costa / Michel Costa
Winning orchestrator - Jean-Claude Petit

The winning group, Cocktail, took on an amended name, Cocktail Chic, for the international contest in Norway

PARTICIPATING ENTRIES

Song 1
Title – "Homme de lumière"
Rendition – Daisy Clerc
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 3rd place (133 votes) 

Song 2
Title – "Paris le dimanche matin"
Rendition – Véronique Bodoin
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 13th place (30 votes)

Song 3
Title – "J'aimerai demain"
Rendition – Sandrine Doukhan
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 7th place (63 votes)

Song 4
Title – "Nuit blanche"
Rendition – Christian Gavalet
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 12th place (35 votes)

Song 5
Title – "Vivre longtemps"
Rendition – Yves de Roubaix
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 2nd place (147 votes)

Song 6
Title – "Stop l'amour, pas d'amour"
Rendition – King Kong & Les Limousines
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 6th place (67 votes)

Song 7
Title – "Eurovision"
Rendition – Duo Plaisir
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 9th place (43 votes)

Song 8
Title – "Européennes"
Rendition – Cocktail
Lyrics – Georges Costa / Michel Costa
Composition – Georges Costa / Michel Costa
Studio arrangement – Georges Costa / Michel Costa
Live orchestration – Jean-Claude Petit
Score – 1st place (158 votes)

Song 9
Title – "Mélodie"
Rendition – Claude Axèle
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 5th place (76 votes)

Song 10
Title – "La roue tourne"
Rendition – Jean-Louis Richerme
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 9th place (43 votes)

Song 11
Title – "Fils d'Ellington"
Rendition – Catherine Perbost
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 11th place (36 votes)

Song 12
Title – "Je vis dans une rêve"
Rendition – Marc Juillet
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 8th place (55 votes)

Song 13
Title – "Le coeur branché"
Rendition – Sonja Wiggers
Lyrics – unknown
Composition – unknown
Studio arrangement – none
Live orchestration – unknown
Score – 14th place (24 votes)

Song 14
Title – "Comme une chanteuse de blues"
Rendition – Lucille Marciano
Lyrics – Johny Rech
Composition – Michel Carré
Studio arrangement – José Souc
Live orchestration – José Souc
Score – 4th place (113 votes)

Saturday, 4 May 1985

ANITA KERR

The following article is an overview of the career of American-born Swiss singer, composer, and arranger Anita Kerr. The main source of information is Bas Tukker's email exchange with Anita Kerr, September 2010. The article below is subdivided into two main parts; a general career overview (part 3) and a part dedicated to Anita Kerr's Eurovision involvement (part 4).

All material below: © Bas Tukker / 2010


Contents
  1. Passport
  2. Short Eurovision record
  3. Biography
  4. Eurovision Song Contest
  5. Other artists about Anita Kerr
  6. Eurovision involvement year by year
  7. Sources & links
PASSPORT

Born: October 13th, 1927, Memphis Tenn. (United States)
Died: October 10th, 2022, Carouge, Geneva (Switzerland)
Nationality: American (1927-1970) / Swiss (1970-2022)

SHORT EUROVISION RECORD

Anita Kerr – a composer and singer from the USA most famous for her close harmony formation, the Anita Kerr Singers – wrote, arranged, and conducted the Swiss entry to the 1985 Eurovision Song Contest, ‘Piano piano’. This song, which has German lyrics, was performed by Pino Gasparini and Mariella Farré. Anita Kerr is one of only three women who ever conducted the orchestra in the Eurovision Song Contest.

BIOGRAPHY

Anita Kerr (pseudonym of Anita Jean Grilli) was born into a family of Italian immigrants in Memphis, Tennessee. Her father had a grocery store. At four years old, encouraged by her mother who was an excellent singer, she took up classical piano lessons which she continued until 1942 under the guidance of several teachers. Aged 9, she became the organist at the local Catholic Church; it was here that she became interested in singing and harmony, writing the vocal arrangements for the church choir. 

In 1939, her mother took her to the twice-weekly show which she presented for local radio to be her piano accompanist; later, Anita became a radio staff musician at WREC in her home town, working as a vocalist, pianist, and organist. Because it was unaffordable for the family to allow her to go to college upon her graduation from high school (1945), Anita decided to wholeheartedly devote herself to music, playing in clubs around Memphis as part of her brother’s jazz combo and trying her hand at penning orchestral arrangements.

In 1948, Kerr moved to Nashville, where she took over the Sunday Down South Choir, a vocal group consisting of four female and four male singers; with it, she performed in broadcasts for WSM, the most important country radio station in the southern states. Two years later, she wrote the arrangements to the studio recording of ‘Our Lady Of Fatima’, which was sung by Red Foley accompanied by Kerr’s vocal group, now renamed the Anita Kerr Singers – which featured Kerr herself as the soprano. It was released as a single by Decca Records and peaked at #16 in the Billboard’s Pop Charts. 

Close-up, 1956

Decca’s producer Paul Cohen was quick to recognize Kerr’s talent and signed her as well as her vocal group, which was later reduced to four singers; in the years after, she worked as a vocal and instrumental arranger for many country artists, such as Burl Ives, Ernest Tubb, and Eddy Arnold, who were all backed up by her group. 

In New York in 1956, the Anita Kerr Singers won Arthur Godfrey’s talent show which was broadcasted on nationwide television. Godfrey was so impressed by the group’s close harmony sound that he decided to hire it on a regular basis. Thanks to her many TV appearances, Kerr became more and more in demand as an arranger in the Nashville studios, recording with the likes of Floyd Cramer, Bobby Vinton, Rosemary Clooney, Pat Boone, Brenda Lee, Willie Nelson, Perry Como, Roy Orbison, and Jim Reeves. 

Between 1961 and 1963, she worked as a producer in the A&R department of record label RCA Victor, releasing the Anita Kerr Singers album ‘From Nashville… The Hit Sound’, containing country repertoire wrapped in mainstream arrangements. Moreover, the Anita Kerr Singers performed in Jim Reeves’ nationwide radio show five days a week; in 1964, when Chet Atkins and Jim Reeves made a European tour, the Anita Kerr Singers accompanied them and Kerr herself wrote the vocal and instrumental arrangements for the entire tour. 

Winning a Grammy (1966)

In 1965, Kerr moved to Hollywood to fulfil her ambition to work with orchestras. From the beginning onwards, she was much in demand as an arranger and a background singer. However, she refused many sessions, because she had decided to work with new singers and build up her name as a composer. As a favour to Ken Nelson, A&R director with Capitol, whom she had known since her Nashville days, she worked on an album with Dale Evans. In 1967-68, she teamed up with lyricist Rod McKuen to record twelve best-selling albums under the artist name The San Sebastian Strings – Kerr’s dreamy orchestrations accompanying McKuen’s poetry. 

Meanwhile, as her Nashville vocal group had been unwilling to move to the west coast, she had formed a phoenix version of the Anita Kerr Singers, including tenor Gene Merlino, bass Bob Tebow, and alto B.J. Baker. For Warner Brothers Records and DOT Records, she produced no fewer than six albums with the new formation as well as one solo LP, ‘Touchlove’, for which she played her own compositions at the piano. In 1967, she worked as the choral director of the first season of The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour for CBS Television.

In 1970, Kerr left the United States, moving to Geneva (Switzerland) with her Swiss husband and manager Alex Grob, who helped her securing a record deal with Phonogram International to record seven trademark ‘easy listening’ albums with the Anita Kerr Singers and to work as a producer with other artists. With her vocal group, now consisting of herself and three British session singers (Anne Simmons, Danny Street, and Alan Lynton), she performed in many television shows, especially in the Netherlands. In 1979, she recorded an album specifically for the Dutch market, 'Together', with pianist Pieter van Vollenhoven and arranger Harry van Hoof. 


"We subdivided the arranging work for that album," Van Hoof recalls. "One time, she told me out of the blue, "You know, Harry, there are two sorts of people, squirrels and moles; and you are definitely a mole!" That tells a lot, doesn't it? Moles prefer to vanish, delving deep underground. Squirrels, on the other hand, are happy to be in the light, enjoying life in a playful way... yes, I guess she was right in her judgment! Anita and I had a good working relationship. I remember one time, when we did a TV show, she came, but two of her regular singers from America didn't show up. I then asked my orchestra, "Who of you can sing?" I picked out two of them - and the rehearsals were fine... and Anita was happy with that. I've heard stories about other people who had a hard time working with Anita, but I cannot begin to understand why. I never experienced any trouble with her." 

For the recording of the Anita Kerr Singers album ‘Anita Kerr’s Christmas Story’ (1971), she not only composed, wrote, and arranged all material, but also conducted the ninety-man-strong Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in the London recording studios. One year later, she penned the soundtrack to USA film production LIMBO, starring Kate Jackson; Kerr was the first woman to score a movie completely by composing, arranging, and conducting the recording session.

In 1974, she signed for another record company, Words Inc., before she and her husband Alex Grob opened their own Mountain Recording Studios in Montreux in 1975. They hired Westlake Audio and studio designer Tom Hidley to build the studio in the Montreux Casino, where it recorded all live performances of the Montreux Jazz Festival. Additionally, the tax advantages of the studio's location in Switzerland proved popular, with British artists as David Bowie, The Rolling Stones, Chris Rea, Yes, Rick Wakeman, and Emerson, Lake & Palmer, and Queen recording at Mountain Studios over the first few years. In 1979, Queen acquired the studio from Kerr and Grob, and subsequently utilised the facilities for several subsequent Queen albums, as well as solo projects from band members Freddie Mercury, Brian May, and Roger Taylor.

With her Singers and Rod McKuen (centre) receiving a gold record for the album 'The Sea', released in 1967

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, while continuing to perform in concerts and appear in television shows across Europe with the Anita Kerr Singers, she also arranged and recorded orchestral music for American radio stations and the BBC, wrote choral and instrumental arrangements for the Hal Leonard Publishing Company, and regularly conducted clinics at various colleges and universities in the United States. Amongst the albums which she recorded later onwards, the 1988 production ‘In The Soul’ deserves mention, which features the poetry of Walt Whitman; Kerr composed music to it, playing various electronic instruments for the recording.

From the 1960s onwards, many prizes were bestowed upon Anita Kerr. In 1963, she was first nominated for a Grammy Award for the trademark Anita Kerr Singers single release ‘Waiting For The Evening Train’. In total, she was nominated for seven Grammy Awards between 1963 and 1979, of which she won three: the Best Vocal Group Performance for the Anita Kerr Singers album ‘We Dig Mancini’ and Best Gospel Album for ‘Southland Favorites’, performed by Anita Kerr and George Beverly Shea – both in 1965; one year later, the Anita Kerr Singers again walked away with the Grammy for Best Vocal Group Performance for ‘A man And A Woman’. In 1969, she received a gold record for the San Sebastian Strings album ‘The Sea’ and later a platinum record; four years later, two different LPs by the Anita Kerr Singers were rewarded with gold records in the Netherlands and the United States. Moreover, she was honoured with the Netherlands equivalent of a Grammy, the Edison Award for the album ‘The Anita Kerr Singers Reflect On The Hits Of Burt Bacharach And Hal David’ (1970). 

In 1979, the Gospel Association handed her the ‘Dove Award’ for Best Gospel Record Album by a Non-Gospel Artist for ‘Walk A Little Slower’. The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers congratulated her for her contribution to the Nashville Sound with the ASCAP Award. Lastly, in 1992, she was honoured with a Governors Award by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) in recognition of her contribution to American music in general.

Anita Kerr lived in Switzerland until her passing in 2022, at the age of 94.

Conducting a studio session

EUROVISION SONG CONTEST

In 1985, Anita Kerr composed and arranged the Swiss Eurovision entry ‘Piano piano’ (German lyrics by Trudi Müller-Bosshard), which was performed by the duo Mariella Farré and Pino Gasparini. After having won the Swiss pre-selection in Geneva, this charming duet with a striking brass score in the chorus finished twelfth in the contest held in Gothenburg.

When asked why she decided to enter a song into the Swiss Eurovision qualifiers in the first place, Kerr comments, “I don’t remember exactly how it came about. My husband, who also was my manager, told me that I had been asked to write some songs for Eurovision. At that time, there was a very nice musical director at the Zurich Radio Station who was a fan of the Anita Kerr Singers and I think was the one who made the request. Later on, shortly after the Eurovision show, he wanted to sing with me, so he asked me to write some arrangements for a Swiss vocal group and record them for the Zurich Radio. The Swiss vocal group was a trio, to which he sang along and I was the lead voice – so the arrangements were for five voices. In the songs I had written, there were no words, because only one of the other singers spoke English… so just ‘oohs’ and ‘aahs’, accompanied by the Zurich orchestra. It turned out great!”

Subsequently, Kerr submitted the song ‘Piano piano’, which in spite of its title has German lyrics by Trudi Müller-Bosshard, to the German-language Swiss broadcaster DRS. Kerr about the song writing process, “What a good lyricist Trudy was! She was so easy to write songs with. I composed the music first and then she would write the German lyrics for them. Although I am not entirely sure, I think we wrote four songs for Pino Gasparini and four songs for Mariella Farré which were never released… and, of course, this duet which in the end was chosen for the Eurovision Song Contest."

"Actually, it was the first and only time that Trudy and I wrote songs for Pino and Mariella. After the contest, we continued to work together on some more songs, but we only managed to get one German artist to record them. Trudy and I liked working on music a lot, but we were not the type to contact a lot of people in order to push our songs. A year or so after that, I went to the USA for several years and that put an end to our writing together.”

“By the way, Trudy and I did not choose the performers ourselves. We were not involved in that part of the decision making – they were chosen by an internal committee of the broadcaster. DRS in Zurich had a special radio programme where they played demo versions of all selected songs and the listeners chose the songs they liked best. Upon our selection, Pino, Mariella and I had to go to Geneva where we competed against songs from the parts of Switzerland where Italian and French were spoken. Our song walked away with the highest number of votes and was thus selected to represent Switzerland in Gothenburg.” 

The duo performing 'Piano, piano', Pino Gasparini and Mariella Farré, both had represented their country on previous occasions - Pino as lead singer of the Pepe Lienhard Band in 1977; and Mariella as a soloist in 1983

In the Swiss pre-selection, Kerr did not conduct the orchestra, which was an amalgamation of the Groupe Instrumental Romand led by jazz drummer Stuff Combe, and the strings of the Collegium Academicum. The voting procedure was a close call, but Pino and Mariella won the ticket to Sweden in the face of heavy competition from acts who had previously represented the Alpine country in the contest, such as Arlette Zola and Rainy Day, as well as Daniela Simons, who came second in the Eurovision Song Contest one year later, in 1986.

Now that 'Piano, piano' had been chosen, Swiss television allowed the winning act the choice of who would conduct them - and composer and arranger Anita Kerr of course chose to take the honours herself. In the voting, 'Piano, piano' finished in a somewhat underwhelming 12th place.

When asked about her memories of Gothenberg, Kerr replies, “I was sorry that I did not have more time to visit the city of Gothenburg, but everything else went along smoothly – the musicians and the people in charge of the production were professional and very nice. The whole broadcast was done very well. Naturally, I was disappointed our song didn't win. Being an American by birth, I would have been proud to have been able to win it for my new home country Switzerland. All in all, it was an enjoyable experience. Moreover, it was the first time that I performed in front of an audience as an orchestra conductor. Although I had conducted many recording sessions, I had only been performing as a singer with my Anita Kerr Singers during all of my personal appearances and television shows with an audience.”

After Monica Dominique (for Sweden in 1973) and Nurit Hirsh (for Israel in 1973 and 1978), Kerr was only the third-ever (and incidentally also the last) woman to conduct a Eurovision orchestra, but she is not very militaristic about this fact or the role of women in music in general. 

“I had learnt conducting when I started working in Los Angeles in 1965. At first, I was terrified at the prospect of leading an orchestra. You know, there is an old saying, "The hardest thing in the world is to start an orchestra, and the next-hardest is to stop it." That sounds funny, but it is true. It was my husband and manager Alex who insisted that I could do it and walked me up to the conductor’s platform during the first session I had to conduct in L.A. But to return to your question, I think it is great that women are conducting orchestras. Why not? If they are musically talented enough to be able to do it, they should conduct. After all, it does not take a lot of muscle to wave a baton!”

Anita Kerr in the short film shot by Swedish television introducing the 1985 Swiss Eurovision entry

OTHER ARTISTS ABOUT ANITA KERR

Poet and singer Rod McKuen extensively worked with Anita Kerr in the late 1960s, “I can’t say enough about Anita Kerr. The San Sebastian Strings albums were a total collaboration in every way. Anita composed all the music, did the arrangements and led the orchestra, while I wrote the story line and the words. Anita was a pioneer in the record industry. In Nashville, she arranged recordings for all the top country artists and she formed at least three different sets of personnel for the multi Grammy award winning Anita Kerr Singers; without, I might add, ever loosing the original sound of the group. In the religious community she is known for a string of stirring instrumental and vocal albums. I’d cross the desert to record with her again. Female recording artists have always been a staple of the record business, but Anita was that rare person as important behind the scenes as out in front. And, she was a woman respected by all her peers. Alas for the cause of women in music in general, most of her peers were men.” (1998)

EUROVISION INVOLVEMENT YEAR BY YEAR

Country – Switzerland
Song title – “Piano, piano”
Rendition – Mariella Farré & Pino Gasparini
Lyrics – Trudi Müller-Bosshard
Composition – Anita Kerr
Studio arrangement – Anita Kerr
Live orchestration – Anita Kerr
Conductor – Anita Kerr
Score – 12th place (39 votes)


SOURCES & LINKS
  • Thanks to Anita Kerr for providing us with minute memories of her Eurovision involvement in 1985 (email exchange, September 2010)
  • Photos courtesy of Anita Kerr